Pretherapy gallium-67 scanning in paediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease

To investigate the correlation between gallium-67 [67Ga] uptake and histological subtypes of Hodgkin's disease [HD] in paediatric patients. Subjects and Fifty-eight patients [45 males and 13 females aged 9.2 +/- 4 years, range 1.5-17 years] with histologically diagnosed HD underwent pretherapy 67Ga scanning on days 2, 5, 12 or 14 days after intravenous administration of 25-50 MBq [0.7-1.4 mCi] of 67Ga citrate. The scans were evaluated both visually and quantitatively using the activity of 67Ga in the liver as a reference. Clinical outcome of 11 patients with high diffuse 67Ga skeletal uptake was compared with that of 17 patients showing normal distribution of 67Ga in the skeleton. Of the 58 patients, the 67Ga scans were positive in 47 patients with 117 lesions. Visual analysis did not differentiate between the histological variants of HD. However, quantitative analysis of lesion-to-liver ratios showed significantly higher values of 67Ga uptake in the mixed cellularity type than in the nodular sclerosis type [t = -3.7, p < 0.001]. Patients with high skeletal uptake had a higher relapse rate [6/11] than those with normal skeletal uptake [3/17]. The findings show that quantitative analysis of 67Ga uptake can differentiate between the two main subtypes of HD [mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis]. Further diffuse skeletal uptake of 67Ga indicates a higher relapse rate

comparative study of intrauterine oligoasthenospermic insemination of orocesse semen in ovarian stimulateted and non stimulated women

This study was carried out on 75 infertile couples in whom infertility was found to be due to oligoasthenospermia of their husbands. The female partners were evaluated by detailed history, physical examination and complete investigations of infertility including HSG, PMEB, PCT and laparoscopy. No abnormalities seen could explain the infertility. For male partners, detailed history, physical examination and semen analysis were done before insemination. Patients were divided into three main groups: Group I included 30 women with non stimulated ovarian cycles, Group II included 30 women with stimulated cycles by clomiphen citrate 100 mg/d from 5th day of cycle for 5 days and Group III included 15 women with monitory stimulated cycles by HMG [pergonal] 150 IU. The results have shown that the pregnancy rate in the whole study was 14.7%. Also, the pregnancy rate was higher in the ovarian stimulated cycles 16.7% and 20% by clomiphen and HMG; respectively, than that of the non stimulated cycles which is 10%only. AIH is a simple and effective method for managing oligoasthenospermic semen. Semen processing enhance sperm motility and must be done before IUI to improve the pregnancy rate. Also, ovarian stimulated cycles gives the best results of conception than that of the non stimulated one

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of antiprostaglandin in the prophylaxis of adhesion following myomectomy operations

objective: to evaluate the efficacy of antiprostaglandins in the prophylaxis of adhesions following myomectomy operations. Subjects: This work comprised 50 infertile patients subjected to myomectomy operations at the endoscopy and microsurgery unit, OBSTETRICS and GYNAECOLOGY Department, AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY. The patients were distributed randomly in two groups: [25 cases each] Group I: Receiving systernirc antiprostaglandin. [Piroxicam] 40 mg. IM immediately postoperative and then 20 mg. IM. day for 6 days. Group II: NO adjuvants used. Adhesions were scored at the initial laparotomy and again at the second look laparoscopy [10-21 days postoperatively] by means of the American Fertility Society Classification of Adnexal Adhesions [1988] and adhesions affecting general peritoneum were scored by means of modification of the American Fertility Society Classification of Endornetriosis [1979]. Results: An increase in adhesion scores was observed at follow - up Laparoscopy in the two groups but the degree of increase was highly significant in group II [Receiving no adjuvants]. The extent of the Adhesions is affected by the number of rrtyotruts and tuerine size. Pregnancy rate is higher in group I [Receiving antiprostaglandin] Conclusions: adhesions formation is common following myomectorrty operations, and the antiprostaglandins arc useful in reducing pelvic adhesions following myomectorny operations

Effect of high parity on maternal mortality

Out of 6794 patients delivered at Al-Galaa Maternity Hospital, Cairo, 43 women died of causes related to their pregnancies and/or deliveries. The cause of this high mortality rate [6.33/1000 cases or 6.70/1000 live births] as compared to the national rate in Egypt [1/1000 live births] is multifactorial. Maternal mortality, as related to the patients increasing parity, follows an approximately linear increasing pattern. Maternal mortality, also increases with increasing age. Grand multiparity of an age of 30 years or more is the most serious factor elevating the maternal mortality rate. More than 95% of deaths occurred in patients who did not receive any antenatal care and more than 53% of deaths happened within the first 24 hours following admission to hospital. The leading causes of maternal deaths were haemorrhage, infection and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Prevention of these causes, among others, was discussed

Postplacental insertion of the spiked and the standard lipes loop in early postpartum contraception

This study included 158 women in 3 groups; [1] Group of 53 cases in whom the spiked Lippes loop was inserted immediately after delivery of the placenta, [2] Group of 55 cases in whom the standard Loop size D was inserted postplacentally, [3] Group of 50 women who delivered normally with no IUD insertion; control group. The cases were followed up after insertion for one year. Hysterograms were performed 6-9 months after insertion for 20 cases to study the relationship of the devices to the endometrial cavity. By the third month of insertion, 15.2% and 9.3% of the spiked and the standard loop users respectively stated that the menstrual bleeding was more than average. This decreased gradually with time. By the 12th month, the devices were removed from 4 cases due to the severity of bleeding, 2 cases in each group. Mild dysmenorrhea was observed in few cases. Regarding expulsion of the loop, complete expulsion occurred in one patient using the spiked and in cases using the standard loop in the first week after insertion. Partial expulsion occurred in one case using the spiked and in 4 cases using the standard loop. These were discovered at the 3-week follow up visit. Infection occurred in one case using the spiked loop on the 10th day of insertion and the device was removed. The discontinuation rates were 10/100 women for the spiked and 18/100 women for the standard loop in the first year of use. The hysterographic study of the cases showed that both the spiked and the standard loops were In proper position with no displacement inside the uterine cavity

Effect of adding aspartic and glutamic acids on the properties of romi cheese

Romi cheese was processed with added aspartic acid, glutamic acid and a mixture of them. The cheese samples were examined organoleptically and chemically for moisture, fat, acidity salt, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and total volatile acidity. It was found that addition of a single amino acid or a mixture of them had no effect on yield, moisture, fat, salt acidity, T.N., S.N., N.P.N. and T.V.A. in fresh cheese or in cheese ripened for 6months. However, the addition of a mixture of aspartic acid and glutamic acid greatly affected the S.N., N.P.N. TVA and gave a better organoleptic scoring than the control

Socio-medical factors affecting the utilization different contraceptive methods at Al-Azhar rural family health clinic

The present study aimed at assessing the patterns of contraceptive use by rural women. 1781 married, sexually active women, were interviewed for a detailed admission record. They were served by the Family Health Clinic in Tokh El-Karamos Centre in El-Sharkia Governorate. They were classified according to the type of contraceptive method used. There were statistically significant differences of method users according to the level of education, occupation, history of pregnancy wastage, time lag between last labour and administration, breast feeding, menstrual characters and the type of last method used

menstrual pattern and side effects of depo-medroxy progesterone acetate as a postpartum contraceptive

This study was carried out on 591 women who agreed to use depo-medroxy progesterone acetate [DMPA] as a long term post-partum injectable contraceptive among 1306 cases who delivered in 4 villages in lower Egypt during the period of the study. These women were allowed to receive up to four-six monthly 300 mg DMPA injections. The first injection was given 2-4 weeks postpartum. One month after the first injection, 61% of the women were amenorrhoeic and 35% suffered from abnormal bleeding. Seven months after injection, the amenorrhoeic cases had increased to 72% while the bleeding cases declined to 23%. Thirteen months after the first injection, the amenorrhoeic cases increased to 88% and the bleeding cases declined to 8%. After 1.5 years, the incidence of amenorrhoea was still high [88.9%] and bleeding was 11%. The commonest type of abnormal bleeding was spotting while continuous or severe bleeding was rare. Regarding the side effects of the drug, general weakness came as the most common main complaint, others were arthralgia, headache, dyspepsia and breast discomfort

menstrual pattern and occurrence of pregnancy one year after discontinuation of depo-medroxy progesterone acetate as a postpartum contraceptive

This study was carried out on a total of 591 cases who used depo-medroxy-progesterone acetate [DMPA] as a postpartum contraceptive method. These cases were allowed to receive up to four 300 mg DMPA injections given every 6 months. The 1st injection was given 2-4 weeks postpartum. The menstrual pattern and occurrence of pregnancy were studied one year after discontinuation of one, two, three or four injections. The incidence of amenorrhoea and/or oligo-hypomenorrhoea was found to be higher after discontinuation of the 3rd or 4th injections [56% and 38.7%] than after other hand, abnormal bleeding was less frequent after discontinuation of the 3rd or 4th injection [8.8% and 6.9%] than after discontinuation of one or two injections [18.7% and 19.8]. Regarding the occurrence of pregnancy, the number of injections did not affect significantly the incidence of pregnancy one year after discontinuation of the method

Factors affecting the occurrence of post-cesarean section febrile morbidity

This study was carried out on 125 cases selected from those undergoing the caesarean section operation in Al Azhar University Hospital. Two groups were presented: an antibiotic-treated group [100 cases] given prophylactic Cephradin or Epicillin injections, and the control untreated group [25 cases]. Cases were followed-up post-operatively. Any rise of temperature to 38§C or more in 2 consecutive days, excluding the first post-operative day, was consecutive days, excluding the first post-operative day, was consecutive days, excluding the first post-operative day, was considered as febrile morbidity. Different factors, including age, parity, weight, hemoglobin level, duration of labour and rupture of membranes prior to the operation, number of previous sections, urgency of operation and the association of tubal sterilization were studied. Among these factors, high risk factors were identified. These were: high parity, obesity, anaemia, prolonged labour and rupture of membranes prior to operation and the association of tubal sterilization

outcome of post pill pregnancies I. A clinical evaluation of pregnancies in former contraceptive users

In a prospective study, the outcome of 500 pregnancies in former oral contraceptive users was compared with the outcome of 200 pregnancies in women who had never used oral contraceptives. Hypertensive toxemias were more common and the overall increase in weight was greater in the post pill group. The post pill babies tended to be lighter in weight and there was a higher proportion of girls among them. The incidence of abortion was not significantly different in the post pill group compared with the control group

outcome of post pill pregnancies II. A cytogenetic study of fetal blood and abortion materials

A cytogenetic study was performed on 40 cases of spontaneous abortion and on the cord blood of 40 newly born infants from a group of former users of oral contraceptives and controls. No significant increase in the number of numerical or structural aberrations was found in the post pill group when compared to the controls

Maternal complications of high parity

The effect of parity on 6,794 patients who att4ended Al-Galaa Maternity Hospital, Cairo, over a period of 20 months was studied. Patients were classified into 3 different parity groups, vis. para 1, para 2-4 and para 5 or more [grand multiparae]; the last group constituting 26.18% of the total number of patients. The study showed that grand multiparae [G.M.] had a higher incidence of hypertensive disorders [including pre-eclampsia] and diabetes than other groups. Certain obstetric complications as placenta praevia, abruptio placentgae, rupture of the uterus and postpartum haemorrhagae occurred more frequently in grand multiparae; also, the incidence of destructive procedures and emergency hysterectomy was higher in the G.M. group compared with other groups. On the other hand, primiparae had a lower incidence of spontaneous vaginal delivery and a higher incidence of prolonged/obstructed labour and instrumental vaginal delivery than grand multiparae. The least incidence of abnormal positions of the vertex was in the para 2-4 group. Parity had no effect on the incidence of cardiovascular, urinary or gastro-intestinal complications during pregnancy and did not affect the rate of caesarean section, breech delivery or retention of the placenta during labour. When maternal mortality was related to parity, it was found to follow an approximately linear increasing curve

Final progress report acceptability of a long acting injectable as a post partum contraceptive in Egypt

Subjects for the study were 1306 women in four villages in rural Egypt, representing all women delivered in these villages during the period from October 1976 until September 1978. Of these, 591 accepted DMPDA as their means of contraception. Acceptors thus represent 43.25l% of all women interviewed; rejectors 54.75%

study of the biosocial factors affecting perinatal mortality in an Egyptian maternity hospital

The factors affecting the perinatal mortality were studied in 6990 cases using a special precoded maternity record [IFRP from 903]. Certain high risk factors associated with perinatal mortality were identified. These included: maternal age, education, parity, previous obstetric performance, breech and shoulder presentations, prolonged labour [more than 24 hours], premature rupture of the membranes, birth weight and sex. A discussion of the different causes and the experience of other workers in this field is presented